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Hefei KS-V Peptide Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Ubiquitins and Ubiquitin Probes of KSVP

Ubiquitins and Ubiquitin Probes of KSVP

Ubiquitin, ubiquitin chains, and their derivatives are indispensable molecular tools for studying the structure and function of proteins ubiquitylation. In order to overcome the barriers that such molecules are difficult to synthesize, our company has developed a series of Ubiquitin-related products with high purity, homogeneity, and definite structure on the basis of proteins chemical synthesis technology, ranging from μg to g grade with 70% to 99% purity. They can be used in basic research and peptide drug discovery, which help you with drugs screening and related scientific research experiments.

What is the Purpose of Ubiquitination?

What is the Purpose of Ubiquitination?

The ubiquitination modification involves a series of reactions of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin ligase E3: 

First, the enzyme E1 (protein number 1r4n) adheres to the Cys residue in the tail of the ubiquitin molecule to activate ubiquitin under the condition of ATP energy supply, and then, E1 transfers the activated ubiquitin molecule to the E2 enzyme (protein number 1fxt) , and then, E2 enzymes and some different kinds of E3 enzymes jointly recognize the target protein and carry out ubiquitination modification on it. According to the relative ratio of E3 to the target protein, the target protein can be monoubiquitinated and modified by polyubiquitination. The E3 enzymes (protein numbers 1ldk and 1fqv) are shaped like a clip, and the target protein is attached in the gap in the middle. The left domain of the enzyme determines the specific recognition of the target protein, and the right domain positions the E2 enzyme to transfer ubiquitin molecules. The result of protein ubiquitination is that the labeled protein is broken down by proteases into smaller polypeptides, amino acids, and ubiquitins that can be reused.

Ubiquitination plays an important role in protein localization, metabolism, function, regulation and degradation. At the same time, it is also involved in the regulation of almost all life activities such as cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, gene expression, transcriptional regulation, signal transmission, damage repair, inflammation and immunity. Ubiquitination is closely related to the pathogenesis of tumors, cardiovascular and other diseases. Therefore, as a major achievement of biochemical research in recent years, it has become a new target for research and development of new drugs.


What Does Ubiquitin Do?

What Does Ubiquitin Do?

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein widely found in nuclear cells. It cooperates with ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) to achieve ubiquitination and modification of specific proteins, and finally achieves the removal of aging, damaged and misfolded proteins, and is conducive to maintaining The normal physiological function of cells plays a very important role. In addition, some ubiquitination reactions can also achieve functional regulation independent of protein degradation.

OTHER SYNTHETIC SERVICES ABOUT Ubiquitins and Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin chains of different lengths and types can be applied to biochemical functions such as interaction and enzyme activity as well as structural biology study of crystals, electron microscopes, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Ubiquitin-derived cross-linking probes can be used to detect unknown interacting proteins from normal or diseased cells and new targets for disease treatment.

Ubiquitin-derived fluorescent probes can be used to analyze the activity and specificity of deubiquitinase and high throughput screening of deubiquitinase inhibitors.


Types of Ubiquitination

Cellular Signaling

momo

DNA repair, endocytosis, histone regulation, virus budding, proteasomal and lysosome degradation

K63

Cell signaling/kinase activation and cytokine signaling, DNA damage response, endocytosis

K48

Proteasome degradation

K33

Immune regulation

K29

Lysosomal degradation, Wnt signaling

K27

The physiological function is not yet clear

K11

Cell Cycle/Proteasomal degradation, ERAD, cell signaling such as TNF and Wnt signaling

K6

The physiological function is not yet clear; however, it has been suggested to inhibit proteasomal degradation and involvement in DNA damage repair

linear

Regulation of NF-κB signaling in inflammation, protein degradation

multi-momo

Endocytosis, proteasomal and lysosomal degradation

mixed chains

MHC endocytosis (K11/K63), kinase activation (K33/K29)

lysine-less

Proteasomal degradation


Ubiquitins and Ubiquitin


The advantages of pseudo-isopeptide bond products are as follows:

  • Low cost and high purity

  • Does not affect the recognition of substrate by ubiquitin recognition enzymes

  • Can be cleaved by the deubiquitinase


We offer the following products:

  • Multi-ubiquitin Chain Products Linked by Pseudoisopeptide Bonds

  • Ubiquitins Modified Histones Linked by Pseudoisopeptide Bonds


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